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<!--Generated by ThunderDome XBRL - 12:17PM UTC 2024-04-12--><xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:cohu="http://www.cohu.com/20231230" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:ecd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2023" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.cohu.com/20231230">
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  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023/ecd-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd"/>
  <xsd:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023/ecd-sub-2023.xsd"/>
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cohu-20231230_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cohu-20231230_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cohu-20231230_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
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  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_NEOFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfEquityAwardsGrantedAndVestedInTheYearMember" name="NEOFairValueAsOfVestingDateOfEquityAwardsGrantedAndVestedInTheYearMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
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  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_NEOYearOverYearChangeInFairValueOfEquityAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsThatVestedInTheYearMember" name="NEOYearOverYearChangeInFairValueOfEquityAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsThatVestedInTheYearMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
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  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_PEOReportedValueOfEquityAwardsMember" name="PEOReportedValueOfEquityAwardsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
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  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_PEOValueOfDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidOnStockOrOptionAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueOrTotalCompensationMember" name="PEOValueOfDividendsOrOtherEarningsPaidOnStockOrOptionAwardsNotOtherwiseReflectedInFairValueOrTotalCompensationMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_PEOYearEndFairValueOfEquityAwardsMember" name="PEOYearEndFairValueOfEquityAwardsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_PEOYearOverYearChangeInFairValueOfEquityAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsThatVestInTheYearMember" name="PEOYearOverYearChangeInFairValueOfEquityAwardsGrantedInPriorYearsThatVestInTheYearMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
  <xsd:element abstract="true" id="cohu_PEOYearOverYearChangeInFairValueOfOutstandingAndUnvestedEquityAwardsMember" name="PEOYearOverYearChangeInFairValueOfOutstandingAndUnvestedEquityAwardsMember" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
</xsd:schema>

